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Teaching Stage Management

As someone who has no formal education in stage management, the invitations I receive to guest lecture on the subject usually lead to a moment of panic. What will I say? How will I fit all of stage management into 2.5 hours? Do these students really want to hear my ridiculous stories? If this is all the stage management instruction these students will get, what do they need to know?

As I approached my most recent guest lecture I thought long and hard about the fact that I learned stage management by doing stage management.  Was there a way I could translate that into the classroom? Could I come up with a way to give  these students hands on instruction and opportunities?

Yes.

I approached the class this time by dividing it into two (or really three) parts: lecture, hands-on, and Q&A. The students had been assigned a reading on stage management in advance of my class so I knew they were coming in with  at least a little bit of information.

When I was introduced to the class, it was quickly pointed out that there is a lot more work for stage managers than actors and a lot fewer people vying for those jobs.  It was also suggested that many of them would end up stage managing at least once in their careers, but I knew that this particular class was not full of people who wanted to actually be stage managers, so I started the class by asking them their career goals.  In a class of 13 there were a handful of actors, a few who didn’t know, a couple of teachers, 2 directors, 2 communications majors looking at PR,  and 1 nurse.  With that in mind I quickly re-organized my lecture portion to talk about the things that I thought would be of most use to them if they were going to stage manage a single fringe show, teach theatre at a high school level, or as a director have to work with a stage manager.

The lecture portion of my class looked through the lens of the production process. I started at pre-production and we worked our way through to strike talking about everything from the types of paperwork a stage manager might make to  what kinds of safety hazards to watch out for to assembling a prompt binder to how to write blocking to how to call a show to how to give notes to actors to the importance of communicating with designers to maintaining the spirits of a company to what goes in an SM kit.  The amount of time spent on each subject was short.  Too short. You cannot teach someone how to write blocking in 7 minutes. You cannot discuss the nuances of note giving in 5 minutes. However, it was an overview and I had a few of my old prompt scripts with me to use as visual aids.

After a brief break we re-gathered and I handed everyone a 1 page scene. “Now,” I announced, “we are going to stage manage this scene.”

As a group we started on the scene with pre-production.  We made a props list for our scene and then found possible rehearsal props from within the class room.  We looked at who was in the scene for if we had to make a scene breakdown.

When we moved into the “rehearsal” portion of our scene, I handed out some blocking sheets that I had done up with lines and mini-groundplans and then I pulled out a video of the scene being done. As I played the video for the class, they wrote down the blocking.  When the video ended, I asked them how they did with writing out their blocking.  Some were amazed at how fast they had to write.  Others had written stuff down, but now couldn’t figure out where that movement was supposed to happen. We looked at some solutions for those problems, and then I played the video for them a second time to allow them to catch any blocking they missed the first time around.  I read out a made up direction for the scene and asked them what sort of notes would need to be given to the different departments based on that note.  ”Tell costumes that the guy needs a pocket.”  ”Tell props the phone can’t be cordless.” “Tell set the bench has to be sturdy enough to be stood on.”  Those types of notes.

To simulate paper tech, I handed out a sheet with four lighting cues and three sound cues for the scene.  The actual cues that were on the video.  They were a mix of visual cues and cues taken off words. I gave everyone some time to write the cues into their script. “Did you write in your standbys?” No one had. After five more minutes I asked how they had divided up their standbys.  Some had two, others three, others four, and others yet had five. Who was right? Potentially each of them.  I explained again that stage management is as much an artform as a science.  There is no perfect measure for when a standby should be.  The trick is that it needs to be early enough that the operator can stop doing something else and focus on what you are about to ask them to do. And then I asked the group, “So.  Who wants to try calling this scene to the video?”  They were pretty quiet.  A bit scared.  One of the boys said he’d give it a try, so I cued up the video and he gave it a go. He called a pair of cues early and the rest of the class started to snicker. “What do you do if the stage manager calls a cue early?” I asked them. “Panic,” one of them replied. I chuckled for a moment and then explained that when the stage manager said go – regardless of if you as the operator thought that it was the right time – you pushed the button. I went on to explain that time spent arguing about where the cue SHOULD go might mean missing other cues.  Or, I suggested, perhaps the director or designer asked the SM to move the cue and just didn’t tell you about it. There were a couple of mouths that dropped open. I asked for another volunteer and one of the gals in the class who had previously stage managed one of their shows gave it a try. She came really close to getting all the cues but when she was finished she said that it was a really nervewracking thing.  ”The most terrifying moment,” I said, “is between the time I give places and the time the first cue goes.  During that time I imagine every single thing that could possibly go wrong.  I still get nervous. I still worry that I’m doing it all wrong. But once things start going, the show has its own momentum, and I know to trust myself and the show.”

I wrapped up by opening the floor for questions and using them as an excuse to tell some of my favourite stories: power outages, emergency understudy rehearsals/putting AD’s on as understudies, 423 cues in Re:Union, the bathtub in Refuge of Lies, cancelling opening nights due to wind, sets falling apart on stage, leading crazy talkbacks, and the way I scale problems by what type of baking it will take to solve them. I also took questions about joining Equity, getting jobs and cheap ways to see shows in Vancouver.

Overall, I was really happy with how the class went, but I think next time I would make the hands on the focus the whole time and explain the elements they need just before each exercise and then find a way to work safety into the hands on part.

 

The SM Prompt Book: Show Bible Pt. 2

A collection of my old prompt scripts on the shelves of Pacific Theatre. There is another collection of them in off-site storage.

Ever since I wrote the post about the SMArts Conference calling a show/prompt book session, my blog has taken a number of hits from people searching “how to call a show” “writing sound & light cues” “prompt book” “calling lighting cues” “how to make a prompt book” and other similar searches. In a response to this, I wrote “The SM Prompt Book: Show Bible Pt. 1“.  This post continues where that one left off. (On a side note – I recently put together a new prompt script for a show that started rehearsals this week and it was fun to have this post on my mind as I was putting things together.)

5. Blocking

Blocking is another one of those things that every stage manager does a bit differently.  My personal style has evolved a lot over the past seven years.  Most stage managers use some combination of written out blocking with drawings.  I choose to create a page with lines down one half of it and miniature floor plans of the set on the other half. The image on the right is a scanned sheet out of the blocking from Refuge of Lies.  As you can see it has three miniature floor plans down the right hand side of the page and lines on the left.  This page only has a few notations on it.  Each notation, for me, begins with a number – the number is assigned to a line of dialogue on the page opposite so that I can easily figure out where the action is to happen.  I will then write the initials of the actors name, in this case DN & TK (David Nykl & Terrence Kelly) followed by the action.  I use shorthand for writing blocking out.  For instance, EXT = Exit, X = cross, etc.  I use the floor plans to draw the crosses as often it is easier to draw the path they take than it is to write out specific notations.  This is far from being the only way to write blocking.  I know some stage managers who have a floor plan on the top half of the page with lines on the bottom. I know others who prefer to write notations directly onto the script pages.  One reason that I prefer to not write directly on the script pages is so that if things change drastically I can just put a new blocking sheet in on top of the old one. Then, not only do I not have to erase it, but two days later when the director decides to go back to the old way, we still have the old blocking to go back to.  Side note: I once had a floor plan for a show that was exceedingly cluttered and hard to see pencil marks on, so I tried drawing out the blocking with highlighter. (See Left) It was a show where the number of times that circles were made through the cluttered area was really important, but sadly this method didn’t work very well and I certainly don’t recommend it.

If you look closely you can see that most of these are visual or timed cues with only one or two cues taken off words. (From The Woodsman - 2008 - Property of Pacific Theatre)

6. Cues

I joked last night that there is enough information on the subject of cues and cuing to be its own post. And the friend I joked to said, so why isn’t it?  This is a brief overview of cuing and I will be posting a more detailed post in the weeks to come.

Like so many other element of stage management, the way you write in your cues is a very personal thing.  The only necessity is that it be easily understood so that if someone else had to call your show.  I am a fan of the post-it flag method, but other use dots, highlighters, lines and yet other ways of marking cues.  The reason I like the post-it flags is that when you are in tech and cues are shifting, it is very easy to move the cue around the page without having to erase anything.   I use a different color of post-it for Lights, Sound, Quick Changes, Projections, & Special FX.  Each post it I write on with a sharpie pen the cue type and number (ie – LX6, SQ 4, Pro 17). I then write the cue word in PENCIL on the clear part of the post it and stick it in my book opposite that line of script.  If there are multiple cues going at the same time I group them together. For my standby cues, I write out exactly what I want to say on a 1.5″ post it and stick it opposite where I want to call it.

A sample page from the calling script for the October 2011 production of Re:Union from Horseshoes and Hand Grenades Theatre. This show was the most technologically difficult show I have ever worked on, with over 420 cues.

Update (Dec 5, 2011) – When working with new plays or plays for which I have an electronic copy of the script, I love to input my cues on the computer.  This allows me to write in visual cues mid page and easily group together clustered cues.  My preferred way of creating a computer based calling script is in Microsoft Word (or Open Office) and using the callout option.  For a step-by-step screen cast of creating callouts in Open Office, click here. While I know some stage managers create these electronic calling scripts and then call the show from the screen, I still prefer to print out the document and put it into my prompt book. This means that I now often have a separate calling script and blocking script as the page numbers and line numbers no longer match up once I input the visual cues.

7. Copies of all Rehearsal Reports

A typical rehearsal report includes the following information:

What was covered in rehearsal
Who was present
Notes for each department (props, costumes, set, lighting, publicity)
Any alterations to the script
general notes for the production team (especially deadlines for getting things in or important dates)

I choose to use a tabled template that I adapted from the template given to me when I worked for the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games.  I also choose to attach the file rather than including it in the body of the e-mail.  I do this because I find the formatting I use to be helpful and in the body of the e-mail it just won’t show up.

8. Copies of all Lighting, Sound, Props & Costume paperwork

For lighting this will mean cue lists, magic sheets, dimmer hookups, & a copy of the plot. For sound this is track listings, cue lists, level sheets, & speaker placements/assignments (which can be created for you by a number of the sound design software programs currently available). For props this is a props list (plus running prop list), preset lists (with photos of any intricate presets), tracking paperwork & originals of any paper props (preferably tucked in an envelope or a page protector). When it comes to costumes you are looking at a costume breakdown, a laundry list, a quick change plot, quick change presets/breakdowns, design drawings, & tracking sheets.  I’m not going to post samples of all of these because for the most part this is not paperwork that you are creating, it is simply paperwork that you are storing after being given it by the designers.  Most likely the only things you will be required to create from this list are preset & tracking sheets for props & costumes.  Possibly also the QC plot.  If these are things that you would like to see an example of, please feel free to e-mail me and I will happily send you a PDF to look at.

9. Minutes from Production Meetings

Sometimes it is up to the SM to take the minutes at production meetings but often they are taken by the production manager and will be e-mailed out.  It is important to keep copies of these minutes handy as they will contain deadlines, ideas, and questions that may still need answers.  They also provide a reference point to turn to if something hasn’t been completed properly or on time, to say, “Look, here’s where it says that this is what it should be and that you were present for that conversations.” In addition, they make it easy to create an agenda for the next meeting, as you can see which things required follow up and put them on the agenda.

10. Anything else you might need

Often at the end of the run you have a CD with sound cues which should be kept for a remount. Or a disc with lighting cues. Or notes relating to how to turn off the building alarm system so that the smoke machine doesn’t set off the fire alarm.  These are things that will come in handy to anyone else who has to do the show.  And will prevent midnight phone calls from production managers frantically trying to remember the password for turning off the fire alarm.  During rehearsals or the run of the show, this section might include extra copies of blocking sheets, or timing sheets.